सत्यमय जयते
भारत में समय का उपयोग,

भारत सरकार
Government of India
सांख्यिकी और कार्यक्रम कार्यान्वयन मंत्रालय
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
राष्ट्रीय सांख्यिकी कार्यालय
National Statistics Office

सत्यमेव जयते

भारत में समय का उपयोग, 2024
Time Use in India, 2024
समय के उपयोग का सर्वेक्षण
Time Use Survey
जनवरी – दिसम्बर, 2024
January – December, 2024

भारत सरकार
Government of India
सांख्यिकी और कार्यक्रम कार्यान्वयन मंत्रालय
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
राष्ट्रीय सांख्यिकी कार्यालय
National Statistics Office

प्रस्तावना

राष्ट्रीय सांख्यिकी कार्यालय (एनएसओ) ने जनसंख्या द्वारा की जाने वाली विभिन्न कार्यकतापों में भागीदारी और समय उपयोग के बारे में जानकारी एकत्र करने के लिए जनवरी 2024 में दूसरा अखिल भारतीय समय उपयोग सर्वेक्षण (स. उ. स.) किया। जनवरी-दिसंबर 2024 के दौरान 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के व्यक्तियों के लिए समय उपयोग की जानकारी परिवारों से एकत्र की गई। इस सर्वेक्षण में लोगों द्वारा भुगतान किए गए कार्यकतापों, अवैतनिक देखभात कार्यकतापों, अवैतनिक स्वयंसेवी कार्यों, अवैतनिक घरेलू सेवा उत्पादन कार्यकतापों, सीखने, सामाजिक मेतजोल, मनोरंजन कार्यकतापों, स्व-देखभात कार्यकतापों आदि में की गई भागीदारी और बिताए गए समय को मापा गया है।

यह रिपोर्ट सर्वेक्षण का क्षेत्रीय कार्य पूरा होने के तीन महीने के भीतर प्रकाशित की जाती है। यह रिपोर्ट ग्रामीण और शहरी दोनों क्षेत्रों में लिंग, आयु आदि जैसे पृथक्करण के विभिन्र स्तरों पर समय के उपयोग के संकेतकों का अनुमान प्रदान करती है। इनका उपयोग नियोजन, नीति निर्माण, निर्णय समर्थन और विभिन्र विभागों, शिक्षाविदों और शोधकर्ताओं द्वारा आगे के सांख्यिकीय विश्लेषण के लिए इनपुट के रूप में किया जा सकता है।

एनएसओ के घरेलू सर्वेक्षण प्रभाग ने सर्वेक्षण पद्धति का विकास किया, आंकड़ों को संसाधित करके रिपोर्ट तैयार की। क्षेत्र कार्य क्षेत्र संकार्य प्रभाग द्वारा किया गया, जबकि समन्वय और गुणवत्ता नियंत्रण प्रभाग ने इस सर्वेक्षण से संबंधित विभिन्र कार्यकतापों का समन्वय किया।

मैं तकनीकी सताहकार समूह (टीएजी), राष्ट्रीय प्रतिदर्श सर्वेक्षण (NSS) की परिचालन समिति और राष्ट्रीय सांख्यिकी आयोग (एनएससी) के सदस्यों का सर्वेक्षण के विभिन् चरणों में उनके बहुमूल्य मार्गदर्शन के लिए अत्यंत आभारी हूं। मैं इस रिपोर्ट को तैयार करने में शामिल एनएसओ के विभिन्र प्रभागों के अधिकारियों द्वारा किए गए प्रयासों के लिए भी अपनी सराहना व्यक्त करना चाहूंगी। मुझे आशा है कि यह रिपोर्ट योजनाकारों, नीति निर्माताओं, शिक्षाविदों और शोधकर्ताओं के लिए उपयोगी साबित होगी।

$\mathcal{O}_{\text {refuee }}$

The National Statistics Office (NSO) took up the second all-India Time Use Survey (TUS) in January 2024 to collect information on the participation and time disposition in different activities performed by the population. The information on time use was collected for persons of age 6 years and above from the households during January – December 2024. The survey has measured participation and time spent by the persons in paid activities, unpaid caregiving activities, unpaid volunteer work, unpaid domestic service producing activities, learning, socializing, leisure activities, self-care activities, etc.

This report is brought out within a span of three months from the completion of the field work of the survey. This report provides estimates of indicators of time use in both rural and urban areas with different levels of disaggregation like gender, age, etc. These can be used for planning, policy formulation, decision support and as input for further statistical analysis by various Departments, academicians and researchers.

The Household Survey Division (HSD) of NSO undertook the development of survey methodology, processed the data and prepared the report. The field work was carried out by Field Operations Division (FOD) while the Coordination and Quality Control Division (CQCD) coordinated various activities pertaining to this survey.

I am highly thankful to the members of the Technical Advisory Group (TAG), Steering Committee for NSS surveys and the National Statistical Commission (NSC) for their valuable guidance at various stages of the survey. I would also like to place on record my appreciation for the efforts made by officers of different Divisions of the NSO involved in the preparation of this report. I hope this report will be found useful by planners, policy makers, academicians and researchers.

March, 2025

Geeta Singh Rathore
Director General
National Sample Survey

मृख्य बातें

सर्वेक्षण के बारे में

• जनवरी से दिसंबर, 2024 के दौरान समय के उपयोग का सर्वेक्षण (टीयूएस), 2024, दूसरा ऐसा अखिल भारतीय सर्वेक्षण है जिसने विभिन्न गतिविधियों पर लोगों के समय प्रबंधन पर जानकारी एकत्र की।
• कंप्युटर असिस्टेड पर्सनल इंटरव्यूइंग (सीएपीआई पद्धति) के माघ्यम से समय उपयोग पर आंकड़े एकत्र किये गये थे।
• साक्षात्कार की तारीख से एक दिन पूर्व सुबह 4:00 बजे से शुरु होकर साक्षात्कार के दिन सुबह 4:00 बजे तक 24 घंटे की अवधि को शामिल करते हुए समय उपयोग की जानकारी एकत्र की गई थी।
• 24 घंटे की संदर्भ अवधि को प्रत्येक 30 मिनटों के समय के स्लॉट में विभाजित किया गया। प्रत्येक टाइम स्लॉट में, कम से कम 10 मिनट के लिए की गई गतिविधियों को दर्ज किया गया, जो एक समय स्लॉट में अधिकतम 3 गतिविधियों के अधीन था।
• चयनित परिवारों से 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के सभी परिवार के सदस्यों से समय उपयोग की जानकारी एकत्र की गई थी।
• सर्वेक्षण के परिणामों के आधार पर, ‘भारत में समय का उपयोग, 2024’ शीर्षक वाली रिपोर्ट प्रकाशित की गई है।

व्याप्टित: इस सर्वेक्षण में अंडमान और निकोबार द्वीप समूह के कुछ दुर्गम गांवों को छोड़कर संपूर्ण भारतीय संघ को शामिल किया गया।

9,969

सर्वेक्षण किया गया FSI
यामीण (गाँव): 5948
शहरी(यूएफएस ब्लॉक): 4020

$1,39,487$

सर्वेक्षण किए गए परिवार यामीण: 83,247
शहरी: 54,240

$4,54,192^{*}$

6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के व्यक्‍ति
पुरुष: $2,28,576$
महिला: $2,25,545$
*ट्रांसजेंडर शामिल हैं

भारत में समय का उपयोग, 2024

• विभिन्न गतिविधियों में प्रति दिन समय उपयोग के अनुमान विश्रिन्‍न गतिविधियों में प्रतिभागियों को घ्यान में रखते हुए प्रस्तुत किए जाते हैं।
• विश्रिन्‍न गतिविधियों में एक दिन में प्रत्येक व्‍यक्‍ति के लिए उपलब्ध 1440 मिनट के कुल समय के वितरण को समझने के लिए गतिविधियों में उनकी सहभागिता के बावजूद सभी व्‍यकितयों पर विचार करते हुए प्रति दिन समय उपयोग के कुछ अनुमान भी प्रस्तुत किए जाते हैं।
• मुख्य बातों में, समय स्लॉट में दर्ज की गई सभी गतिविधियों को घ्यान में रखते हुए परिणाम को अखिल भारतीय स्तर पर प्रस्तुत किए गए हैं।
• सर्वेक्षण से प्राप्त कुछ अनुमानों की परिभाषा इस प्रकार है:

प्रति प्रतिभागी एक दिन में
लगाया गया औंसत समय
उन व्‍यक्तियों द्वारा किसी गतिविधि में एक दिन में लगाया गया औसत समय जो उस गतिविधि में भाग ले रहे हैं।

प्रति व्‍यक्ति एक दिन में लगाया गया औंसत समय
यह विशिष्ट श्रेणी के सभी व्‍यक्तियों पर विचार करके निकाला जाता है, भले ही उन्होंने गतिविधियों में हिस्सा लिया हो या नहीं।

विभिन्न गतिविधियों पर एक दिन में

लगए गए समय का वितर

सभी व्यक्तियों को ध्यान में रखते हुए, गतिविधि में उनकी सहभागिता की परवाह किए बिना, विभिन्न गतिविधियों में एक दिन में लगाया गया औसत समय नोचे दिया गया है :

6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के प्रत्येक व्यक्ति द्वारा एक दिन में विभिन्न गतिविधियों में लगाया गया औसत

समय (मिनटों में)

उपर दी गई तालिका विभिन्न गतिविधियों पर एक दिन में 24 घंटे (1440 मिनट) का वितरण दिखाती है। निम्नलिखित तीन चार्ट 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के व्यक्तियों के लिए विभिन्न गतिविधियों में एक दिन में बिताए गए समय की प्रतिशतता दर्शाती है।

विश्रिन्न गतिविधियों में सहभागिता एवं औसतन लगाए गए समय

01
रोजगार और संबंधित गतिविधियां

टीयूएस, 2019 और टीयूएस, 2024 के दौरान रोजगार और संबंधित गतिविधियों में सहभागिता दर (\%)

टीयूएस, 2019 \& टीयूएस, 2024 के दौरान रोजगार और संबंधित गतिविधियों में प्रत्येक प्रतिभागी द्वारा एक दिन में लगाया गया समय

• सामान्य दिनों में परिवार के सदस्यों के लिए घरेलू सेवाओं में $26.4 \%$ पुरुष तथा $83.1 \%$ महिलाओं ने भाग लिया। ‘अन्य दिवस’ (अर्थात् साप्ताहिक छुट्टी के दिन, अवकाश) में, ऐसे गतिविधियों में पुरुष और महिलाएं की सहभागिता क्रमशः $32.2 \%$ व $67.5 \%$ थी।

अप्रदत्त स्वयंसेवक, प्रशिक्षु और अन्य अप्रदत्त कार्य

एक दिन में प्रति प्रतिभागी का लगा औसत समय

6-14 वर्ष के बच्चों के मध्य सीखने की गतिविधियों में सहभागिता वर्ष 2019 के दौरान $85.9 \%$ से बढ़कर वर्ष 2024 के दौरान $89.3 \%$ हो गई। इस आयु वर्ग में महिलाओं की सहभागिता $85.6 \%$ से बढ़कर $89.5 \%$ हो गई।

सामाजीकरण व संचार, सामुदायिक सहभागिता तथा धार्मिक प्रथाएं

6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक
यामीण : 142 mins पुरुष : 138 mins
शहरी : 131 mins महिला : 139 mins
All: 138 mins

6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक
यामीण: 90.1\% पुरुष : 89.8\%
शहरी: 90.8\% महिला : 90.7\%
All: $90.3 \%$

6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक
यामीण : 142 mins पुरुष : 138 mins
शहरी : 131 mins महिला : 139 mins
All: 138 mins

6-14 वर्ष के बच्चों के मध्य सीखने की गतिविधियों में सहभागिता वर्ष 2019 के दौरान $85.9 \%$ से बढ़कर वर्ष 2024 के दौरान $89.3 \%$ हो गई। इस आयु वर्ग में महिलाओं की सहभागिता $85.6 \%$ से बढ़कर $89.5 \%$ हो गई।

प्रति प्रतिभागी का जन-संचार माघ्यम प्रयोग में लगा औसत समय (मिनट में)

09

स्व-देखभाल और रखरखाव
6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक उम के एक दिन में प्रति प्रतिभागी का लगा औसत समय

• स्व-देखभाल और रखरखाव में मानव की आवश्यक गतिविधियों जैसे कि खाना, सोना आदि शामिल हैं ।
• ऐसी गतिविधियों में सहभागिता दर $100 \%$ है ।

अप्रदत्त एवं प्रदत्त में लगाया औसत समय तथा सहभागिता

प्रदत्त एवं अप्रदत्त गतिविधियों में 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के व्यक्तियों का सहभागिता दर (\%)

प्रदत्त गतिविधियों में 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के एक दिन में प्रति प्रतिभागी का लगा औसत समय (मिनटों में)

अप्रदत्त गतिविधियों में 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के एक दिन में प्रति प्रतिभागी का लगा औसत समय
(मिनटों में)

टी यू एस, 2019 और टी यू एस, 2024 के दौरान 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के व्यक्तियों द्वारा अप्रदत्त और भुगतान गतिविधियों में सहभागिता

Participation rate (\%) in unpaid activities

Participation rate (\%) in paid activities

एसएनए और गैर-एसएनए में सहभागिता
और लगाया गया समय

एसएनए उत्पादन और गैर-एसएनए उत्पादन गतिविधियों में 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के व्यक्तियों का सहभागिता दर (\%)

एसएनए उत्पादन गतिविधियों में 6 वर्ष और उससे अधिक आयु के एक दिन में प्रति प्रतिभागी का लगा औसत समय (मिनटों में)

सामान्य दिवस तथा अन्य दिवस के दौरान लगाए

गए समय

सामान्य दिन वे दिन होते हैं जिन पर किसी परिवार का सदस्य ज्यादातर अपना/अपनी नियमित गतिविधियों का पालन करता है, जबकि जिस दिन किसी भी कारण से परिवार के सदस्य की नियमित गतिविधियों को बदल दिया जाता है, उसे ‘अन्य दिन’ (साप्ताहिक छुट्टी, छुट्टियां, छुट्टी के दिन, आदि) के रूप में माना जाता है।

जनसंख्या के विभिन्न वर्गों के लिए सामान्य दिनों और अन्य प्रकार के दिनों में प्रति व्यक्ति समय का प्रबंधन को निम्नलिखित चार्ट में दर्शाया गया है। बाईं ओर दिखाई गई गतिविधियों को एक सामान्य दिन में प्रति व्यक्ति बिताए गए समय के घटे हुए क्रम में व्यवस्थित किया जाता है।

सामान्य दिन और अन्य प्रकार के दिन के दौरान प्रति व्यक्ति एक दिन में लगाया गया औसत समय (मिनट)

Learning
182
Culture, leisure, mass-media and sports practices
Self-care (excl. sleep)
Socializing, communication, religious practice
Other activities
182
160
165
$51 \begin{array}{ll}56 & 6-14 \ 15 & 33\end{array}$ and
54
51
56
51
100
105
13
14
11
15-29 वर्ष
आयु के व्यक्ति

• Other Day Normal Day
  

भारतीय जनसंख्या द्वारा समय के उपयोग में कुछ अंतर्दृष्टि

15-59 वर्षो के आयु वर्ग के पुरुष यात्री (रोज़गार संबंधी गतिविधियों के लिए)एक दिन में औसतन 77 मिनट यात्रा में लगाते हैं, जबकि इसकी तुलना में महिला समकक्षों द्वारा 67 मिनट ही लगाई जाती है।

6-14 वर्षो के आयु वर्ग के बच्चों ने ऐसी गतिविधियों में भाग लेते हुए पाठ्येतर गतिविधियों में 61 मिनट लगाये। 15-29 वर्ष के आयु वर्ग के युवा प्रतिभागियों ने औसतन 74 मिनट पाठ्येतर गतिविधियों लगाये।

15-29 वर्षो के आयु वर्ग के लगभग $14.9 \%$ पुरुष तथा $3.9 \%$ महिलाओं ने एक दिन में खेलकूद एवं व्यायाम गतिविधियों में भाग लिया, जो औसतन क्रमशः 64 मिनट और 46 मिनट थे। यामीण और शहरी क्षेत्रों में खेलकूद एवं व्यायाम गतिविधियों में भाग लेने वाले 6-14 वर्ष की

उम्र के बच्चों ने औसतन क्रमशः 83 मिनट तथा 68 मिनट लगाये।

शहरी क्षेत्रों में 15-29 वर्षो के आयु वर्ग के $87.4 \%$ युवा लोगों और यामीण क्षेत्रों में $73.4 \%$ ने एक दिन में जनसंचार माध्यम का उपयोग करने की सूचना प्रदान की। उन्होंने जनसंचार माध्यम का उपयोग करने में क्रमशः 126 मिनट तथा 116 मिनट लगाये।

6 वर्ष तथा उससे अधिक आयु के लोग अपने आशित वयस्क घरेलू सदस्यों की देखभाल करते हुए एक दिन में लगभग 89 मिनट लगाते हैं। पुरुष प्रतिभागियों ने ऐसी देखभाल गतिविधियों में औसतन 85 मिनट लगाये, जबकि महिला प्रतिभागियों ने 91 मिनट लगाये।

6 वर्ष तथा उससे अधिक आयु के यामीण लोगों ने एक दिन में सामाजिकता एवं संचार में लगभग 123 मिनट लगाए, जबकि उनके शहरी समकक्षों ने 110 मिनट लगाये। पुरुष प्रतिभागियों ने एक दिन में 121 मिनट लगाये, जबकि महिला प्रतिभागियों ने 117 मिनट लगाये।
6-14 वर्ष की आयु के लगभग $71.6 \%$ यामीण बच्चों और $68.8 \%$ शहरी बच्चों ने संदर्भ दिवस में औपचारिक शिक्षा से संबंधित अधिगम गतिविधियों में भाग लेने की सूचना दी, प्रत्येक श्रेणी द्वारा एक दिन में लगभग 312 मिनट लगाए। औपचारिक शिक्षा से संबंधित सीखने की गतिविधियों में युवा प्रतिभागियों (15-29 वर्ष की आयु) ने औसतन एक दिन में लगभग

308 मिनट लगाए।

76.3 \% महिलाएं खाद्य और भोजन प्रबंधन तथा उसकी तैयारी की गतिविधियों में शामिल रही और दिनभर में लगभग 209 मिनट लगाये। ऐसी गतिविधि में पुरुषों की सहभागिता 6.2\% थी, जो एक दिन में लगभग 87 मिनट लगाए।

संदर्भ दिवस में अपने परिवार के लिए बच्चों की देखभाल और निर्देश से संबंधित गतिविधियों में $32.8 \%$ महिलाएं और $17 \%$ पुरुष दर्ज किए गये। ऐसी गतिविधियों में प्रतिभागियों द्वारा लगाए गए समय महिला और पुरुष के लिए क्रमशः 136 मिनट और 73 मिनट था।

एक दिन के भिन्न-भिन्न समय अवधि के गतिविधियों में सहभागिता

समय उपयोग सर्वेक्षण से दिन की विभिन्न अवधि के दौरान विभिन्न गतिविधियों में लोगों की सहभागिता देखी जा सकती है। निम्नलिखित आंकड़े दिन के विभिन्न समय अवधि के दौरान जनसंख्या की कुछ श्रेणियों के बीच कुछ विशिष्ट गतिविधियों में सहभागिता दर का एक सचित्र दृश्य प्रस्तुत करते हैं।

Percentage of persons of age 15-59 years participating in employment and related activities at different time points in a day

Percentage of persons of age 6 years and above participating in unpaid domestic and caregiving activities for household members at different time points in a day

Percentage of persons of age 15-59 years commuting (for employment) at different time points in a day

Percentage of persons of age 6-14 years participating in Learning activities at different time points in a day

HIGHLIGHTS

About the Survey

The Time Use Survey (TUS), 2024, conducted during January to December 2024, is the second such allIndia survey that collected information on time disposition of Indian people on different activities.
Data on time use was collected through computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) method.
Information on time use was collected covering a period of 24 hours starting from 4:00 A.M. on the day before the date of interview to 4:00 A.M. on the day of interview.

• The reference period of 24 hours was divided into time slots of 30 minutes each. In each time slot, activities performed for at least 10 minutes were recorded, subject to maximum 3 activities in a time slot.
• Time use information was collected from all household members of age 6 years and above from the selected households.
  Based on the results of the survey, the Report titled ‘Time Use in India, 2024’ is brought out.

Coverage: The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except some inaccessible villages in A\&N Islands

9,969
Surveyed FSU
Rural (villages): 5949
Urban (UFS Blocks): 4020

$1,39,487$

Surveyed Households

Rural: 83,247
Urban: 56,240

$4,54,192^{*}$

persons of age 6 years and above
Male: 2,28,576
Female: 2,25,565
*Includes transgender

Time Use in India, 2024

Estimates of time use per day in different activities are presented considering the participants in different activities.

• Some estimates of time use per day are also presented considering all persons irrespective of their participation in activities to understand the distribution of total time of 1440 minutes available for each person in a day in different activities.
• In the Highlights, the results have been presented at all-India level considering all the activities reported in the time slots.
• Definition of some estimates obtained from the survey are:

PARTICIPATION RATE

percentage of persons of specific categories (say male, female etc) performing that activity during the 24 hours of the reference period

AVERAGE TIME SPENT IN A DAY PER PARTICIPANT

average time spent in a day in an activity by those persons who are participating in that activity.

AVERAGE TIME SPENT IN A DAY PER PERSON

this is derived by considering all the persons of the specific category irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not.

DISTRIBUTION OF TIME SPENT IN A DAY OVER DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES

Average time spent in a day in different activities considering all the person, irrespective of their participation in the activity, is given below.

The table above shows the distribution of 24 hours ( 14.40 minutes) in a day over different activities. Following three charts give the percentage of time spent in a day in different activities for persons of age 6 years and above.

PARTICIPATION AND AVERAGE TIME SPENT IN DIFFERENT ACTIVITIES

01 EMPLOYMENT AND RELATED ACTIVITIES

Participation rate (\%) in employment and related activities during TUS, 2019 \& TUS, 2024

Time spent in a day per participant in employment and related activities during TUS, 2019
\& TUS, 2024

– 26.4\% male and $83.1 \%$ females participated in domestic services for household members in normal days. In ‘other days’ (i.e, weekly off-days, holidays etc.), male and female participation in such activities were $32.2 \%$ and $67.5 \%$ respectively.

UNPAID CAREGIVING FOR HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS
Participation rate (\%)

Avg. time spent in a day per participant
Rural: 115 mins Male: 75 mins
Urban: 117 mins Female: 137 mins
All: $116 \mathrm{mins}$

UNPAID VOLUNTEER, TRAINEE AND OTHER UNPAID WORK
Participation rate (\%)

Avg. time spent in a day per participant

All: $122 \mathrm{mins}$

6 years and above

age group: 6-14 years

6 years and above

Participation in learning activities increased among children of age 6-14 years from $85.9 \%$ during 2019 to $89.3 \%$ during 2024. Female participation in the age group increased from $85.6 \%$ to $89.5 \%$.

SOCIALIZING AND COMMUNICATION, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND RELIGIOUS PRACTICE

age group: 15-59 years

age group: 15-59 years

6 years and above

6 years and above

97\% of persons age 60 years and above participated in such activities

Participation (\%) in Mass Media Use

Average time (minutes) spent per participant in Mass Media Use

19
SELF-CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Avg. time spent in a day per participant of age 6 years and above

All: 708 mins

• Self-care and maintenance involve essential activities of human being such as eating, sleeping etc.
• Participation rate in such activities is $100 \%$

PARTICIPATION AND AVERAGE TIME SPENT IN UNPAID AND PAID ACTIVITIES

Participation rate (\%) among persons of age 6 years and above in unpaid and paid

Average time spent (in minutes) in a day per participant of age 6 years and above in PAID activities

Average time spent (in minutes) in a day per participant of age 6 years and above in UNPAID activities

Participation in unpaid and paid activities by persons of age 6 years and above during TUS,2019 and TUS,2024

Participation rate (\%) among persons of age 6 years and above in SNA Production and Non-SNA Production activities

Average time spent (in minutes) in a day per participant of age 6 years and above in SNA Production activities

Average time spent (in minutes) in a day per participant of age 6 years and above in Non-SNA Production activities

TIME SPENT DURING NORMAL DAY AND OTHER DAY

The normal days are the days on which a household member pursues mostly his/her routine activities whereas the day on which the routine activities of a household member are altered due to any reason, it is treated as ‘other day’ (weekly off-days, holidays, days of leave, etc.).

Disposition of time per person in normal days and other type of days, for different section of the population, are shown in the following charts. Activities shown on the left hand side are arranged in decreased order of time spent per person in a normal day.

Average time (minutes) spent in a day per person during normal day and other type of day

SOME INSIGHTS INTO TIME USE BY INDIAN POPULATION

Male commuters (for employment related activities) in the age group 15-59 years, spent 77 minutes on average in a day in commuting compared to 67 minutes spent by their female counterparts.

Children in the age group 6-14 years, spent 61 minutes in extracurricular activities while participating in such activities. Younger participants in the age group 15-29 years spent 74 minutes in a day on an average in extracurricular activities.

About $14.8 \%$ male and $3.9 \%$ females in the age group 15-29 years participated in sports and exercise activities during a day spending 64 minutes and 46 minutes respectively on an average. Children aged 6-14 years participating sports and exercise activities, spent on an average 83 minutes and 68 minutes in rural and urban areas respectively.

$87.4 \%$ of younger people in the age group 15-29 years in urban areas and $73.4 \%$ in rural areas reported to have used mass media in a day. They spent 126 minutes and 116 minutes respectively in using mass-media.

People aged 6 years and above spent about 89 minutes in a day while taking care of their dependent adult household members. Male participants spent 85 minutes while female participants spent 91 minutes on an average in such caring activities.

Rural people aged 6 years and above, spent about 123 minutes in a day in Socializing and communication compared to 110 minutes spent by their urban counterparts. Male participants spent 121 minutes in a day compared to 117 minutes spent by female participants.

About $71.6 \%$ of rural children and $68.8 \%$ of urban children aged 6-14 years reported to have participated in learning activities related to formal education in the reference day, spending about 312 minutes in a day by each of the category. Younger participants (aged 15-29 years) in learning activities related to formal education spent around 308 minutes in a day on an average.

$76.3 \%$ females participated in activities of food and meals management and preparation, spending about 209 minutes in the day. Male participation in such activity was $6.2 \%$ spending about 87 minutes in a day.

Activities related to childcare and instruction for own household in the reference day was reported by $32.8 \%$ females and $17 \%$ males. Time spent by the participants in such activities was 136 minutes and 73 minutes for female and male respectively.

PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES AT DIFFERENT TIME PERIODS OF A DAY

Participation of people in different activities during different period of the day can be observed from Time Use Survey. Following figures present a pictorial view of participation rate in some specific activites among certain categories of population during different time periods of the day.

Percentage of persons of age 15-59 years participating in employment and related activities at different time points in a day

Percentage of persons of age 6 years and above participating in unpaid domestic and caregiving activities for household members at different time points in a day

Time of the day

Percentage of persons of age 6-14 years participating in Learning activities at different time points in a day

Time of the day

CONTENTS

National Statistics Office (NSO) in India conducted the first Time Use Survey during January – December 2019. The second all-India Time Use Survey was taken up by the NSO during the period January – December, 2024.

Time Use Survey (TUS) provides a framework for measuring time dispositions by the population on different activities. It provides detailed insights into the duration and frequency of both paid and unpaid activities performed by the population. One of the key features that sets TUS apart from other household surveys is its ability to capture detailed data on a wide range of human activities, whether they are paid, unpaid, or other, which is often not possible in other types of surveys. These are activities within the Production Boundary of the System of National Accounts (SNA) as well as outside that parameter but within the General Production Boundary and those that are personal and non-delegable.

The National Statistics Office (NSO) under Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), conducted first all-India Time Use Survey (TUS) from January to December 2019. This survey aimed to measure how much time individuals in India spent on various activities, including paid work, unpaid work and care activities. The Time Use Survey, 2024 is the second in the series and was conducted over the same 12-month period (January to December 2024). This survey continues to track participation rates and the amount of time spent on different activities, providing valuable data on the distribution of time across various activities in a day, such as paid employment work and unpaid domestic and care work.

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE TIME USE SURVEY, 2024

The primary objective of Time Use Survey (TUS) is to measure participation of men and women in paid and unpaid activities. TUS is an important source of information on the time spent in unpaid caregiving activities, volunteer work, unpaid domestic service producing activities of the household members. It also provides information on time spent on learning, socializing, leisure activities, self-care activities, etc., by the household members.

1.2 FEATURES OF TIME USE SURVEY, 2024

The Time Use Survey, 2024, has the following features:
i. In this survey, information on activity particulars was collected for each household member of age 6 years and above, with a reference period of 24 hours starting from 4:00 AM on the day before the date of interview to 4:00 AM on the day of the interview. The reference period of 24 hours was split into 48 time slots, each of duration of 30 minutes.
ii. The Information on time use for the reference period was collected through personal interview from the persons of age 6 years and above of the selected households.
iii. Respondents were asked about their activities performed in the designated time slots and the same was recorded against the corresponding slot. In case of multiple activities in a time slot the activities which were performed for 10 minutes or more were recorded, subject to a maximum three activities in a time slot.
iv. If more than one activity was performed in a time slot, one of the activities was treated as a major activity and all other activities in that time slot was considered as minor activity. The major activity was the one which was considered most important activity by the informant performed during a time slot. If in a time slot only one activity was performed, that activity was always considered as a major activity.
v. Simultaneous activity: If in a time slot multiple activities were recorded, it was enquired whether some of these activities were performed simultaneously or not. Simultaneous activities are those that have an overlap of some duration of time in the same time slot of 30-minute duration, irrespective of their starting or ending time.
vi. The activities reported by the respondents, were codified (3-digit code) following the International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics 2016 (ICATUS 2016). The classification is referred to as TUS activity classification in this Report. The code structure and description of the 3digit code of the TUS activity classification are given in Appendix C.
vii. Determination of activity performed in a day and time spent in a day in that activity have been done in the following ways:
a. Considering only the major activity in a time slot: While considering only the major activity in a time slot, the entire duration of the time in that time slot has been allotted to the major activity and the major activity was considered as the activity performed in that time slot.
b. Considering all the activities in a time slot: While considering all the activities performed in a time slot, the entire duration of time in a time slot has been assigned among the activities in a time slot in the following ways:

• If in a time slot only one activity was performed, the entire duration of that time slot was allotted against that activity.

• If in a time slot more than one activity was performed, the entire duration of that time slot was allotted equally among the activities performed in that time slot.

In the Highlights of this Report, estimates have been presented considering all the activities in a time slot. All-India level estimates in Chapter Two have also been presented considering all the activities in the time slot.

In the title of the Tables given in Appendix A of this Report as well as in the title of the Statements presented for the State/UT in Chapter Two of this Report, it has been mentioned specifically whether the estimates are presented considering only the major activity or considering all the activities.

1.3 GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

The survey covered the whole of the Indian Union except the villages in Andaman and Nicobar Islands which are difficult to access.

1.4 SAMPLE DESIGN

A stratified two stage design was adopted for the TUS. The first stage units (FSU) were villages/UFS blocks/sub-units (SUs) as per the situation. The ultimate stage units (USU) were households in both the sectors.

For TUS, it was planned that for each FSU, a total number of 14 households would be surveyed during a period of 7 days, with 2 households on each of the 7 days of the survey period in that FSU. The sample households from each FSU were selected by SRSWOR. It may be noted that in TUS, no second stage stratification of households was made. Sample size for TUS is given below:

1.5 CONTENTS OF THE REPORT

This report is organized in Two chapters, including the present introductory chapter (Chapter One), and five appendices. The Summary of Findings is presented in Chapter Two. In Chapter Two, some estimates for each State/UT are also provided in Statement 1.1 to Statement 17.1. The detailed tables forming the basis of this report are presented in Appendix A. The RSEs of some of the key indicators have been presented in Appendix B. If RSE of an estimate for any category appear as zero, it indicates that the RSE is zero when rounded off or in case of participation rate, the estimate of participation rate

is $100 \%$ and hence the corresponding RSE is zero (0). RSE is blank in case there is no sample observation or a single sample observation. Appendix C describes the concepts and definitions of those terms used in the survey in connection with the various items covered in this report. Appendix D gives a detailed description of the sample design and estimation procedure used for the survey. Appendix E gives a facsimile of the schedule (Schedule 10.6) canvassed.
1.5.2 While using the State/UT level estimates, it may be noted that the sample sizes for the smaller State or UTs may not be adequate for getting sufficiently reliable estimates for some of the indicators. If there is no sample observation for any particular category, the estimate corresponding to that category is marked as a dash (-). If the estimate for any category appear as zero, it indicates that sample observation corresponding to that category is greater than zero but the estimates are zero when rounded off. In this report, no separate estimate for transgender has been provided considering the constraints of sample size and transgender has been included in persons.

In Time Use Survey (TUS) (January 2024-December 2024) information on time use was collected for each member of age 6 years and above of the selected households, covering a reference period of 24 hours starting from 4:00 AM on the day before the date of interview to 4:00 AM on the day of the interview.

2.0 Introduction

The estimates of participation rates in different activities in a day and average time spent in those activities in a day presented in this report are for persons of age 6 years and above. In this context the term day indicates the reference period of 24 hours on which information on time use was collected.

The International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics 2016 (3-digit code) (ICATUS 2016) was used in TUS to record 3-digit codes of the activities of the household members. The code structure and description of the 3-digit code of the TUS activity classification are given in Appendix C.

KEY INDICATORS AND THEIR ESTIMATES

(i) Participation rate: Participation rate in a day in any activity is defined as the percentage of persons of specific categories (say rural male of age 6 years and above, urban female of age 15-29 years, etc) performing that activity during the 24 hours of the reference period for which information on time use was collected in the survey.
(ii) Estimates of average time spent in a day: Estimates of average time spent in a day can be derived by the following approaches:
(a) Per participant: This provides estimates of average time spent in a day in an activity by those persons who are participating in that activity. Estimates of average time spent in a day in different activities derived by considering only the participants for those activities will not add up to 1440 minutes of the day. These estimates are referred to as average time spent in a day per participant.
(b) Per person: Average time spent in a day for any activity can be calculated by considering all the persons of a specific category (say, rural male, urban male of age 60 years and above, persons of age 6 years and above, etc.) irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not. By this approach, distribution of total time of 1440 minutes of a day per person belonging to that

specific category in different activities can be derived and percentage share of the different activities in the total time of 1440 minutes of a day can be calculated. These estimates are referred to as average time spent in a day per person.

In the titles of the Statements in this Chapter as well as in the titles of the Tables in Appendix A, it has been mentioned whether the estimates of time spent in a day are presented per participant or per person.

This report mainly provides the average time (in minutes) spent in activities considering those who participated in the specific activity. However, to understand the distribution of total time of 1440 minutes in different activities in a day per person in the population of a specific category (say by males in rural areas of age 15-29 years), for some of the estimates, average time spent in a day per person has also been derived.
(iii) Estimates considering all the activities performed in a time slot and considering only the major activity in a time slot: In the Statements in Chapter Two, estimates of participation rate and average time spent per person in a day have been presented considering all the activities in the time slot. A note regarding this has been provided in the Statements. However, in the Statements for State/UT and in the Tables in Appendix A, estimates of participation rate have also been provided considering only the major activity in a time slot and the corresponding estimates of average time has also been presented considering the major activity by assigning all the time in the time slot against that major activity.

Structure of the Chapter

This Chapter is arranged in the following Sections:

2.1 Household and Population

This Section presents the percentage distribution of households and persons in rural and urban areas, obtained from TUS 2024. Since information on time use was collected for persons of age 6 years and above, percentage of persons of age 6 years and above in the population, as obtained from the survey, is also given.

The design of Time Use Survey was not aimed at estimating population. It may be noted that in this report, no separate estimate for transgender has been provided considering the constraints of sample size and transgender has been included in persons.

Figure 1 presents the percentage distribution of persons of all ages between rural and urban areas. Figure 2 shows the estimated percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above. Thus, estimated distribution of persons presented in Figure 2 excludes persons aged 5 years or less. Number of villages/ blocks, households surveyed and persons enumerated for each State/ UT are given in Table 1 of the Appendix A. Percentage distribution of households and persons for each State/UT is given in Table 2 of Appendix A.

Figure 1: Percentage distribution of all person among rural and urban areas

• rural = urban

Figure 2: Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above among rural and urban areas

2.2 Participation and time spent in nine different activities

Participation rates of the persons of age 6 years and above in different activities described as nine (9) Major Divisions of the TUS activity classification (ICATUS-2016) and average time spent in those activities in a day are presented in this Section.

In Time Use Survey, the activities reported by the respondents were codified following the International Classification of Activities for Time Use Statistics (ICATUS 2016). The nine (9) major divisions of the TUS activity classification used in collection of information on time use in this survey are as follows:

2.2.1 Participation and Time Spent by persons of age 6 years and above

In this Section, participation rate of the persons of age 6 years and above in different activities described as major divisions (1-digit code) of the TUS activity classification and average time spent in those activities in a day are given.

Participation rate in the activities for persons of age 6 years and above

In Statement 1, participation rate (i.e., percentage of persons who participated) in different activities during the reference period of 24 hours is given. Estimates of percentage of persons who participated in different activities for each State/UT is given in Statement 5.1 at the end of this Chapter.

Statement 1: Participation rate (\%) in different activities in a day

Reference: Appendix Table 6
Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

Time spent in a day by persons of age 6 years and above participating in different activities

In Statement 2, average amount of time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in different activities are given and the corresponding estimates for each State/UT are given in Statement 6.1.

Average time spent in a day per person (considering all the persons irrespective of whether they participated in the activities or not)

Statement 2 gives the average amount of time spent in a day by persons participating in different activities. However, Statement 2 does not give the distribution of the total time (i.e., 1440 minutes) available in a day over different activities by the persons.

To derive the distribution of the total time in a day (i.e., 1440 minutes) in different activities per person, the estimates of average time have been obtained by considering all the persons irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not.

In Statement 3, distribution of total time of 1440 minutes in a day per person in different activities are presented considering all the persons irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not and the corresponding estimates for each State/UT are given in Statement 7.1. In Statement 4, percentage share of the total time of a day in different activities are presented considering all the

persons irrespective of whether they performed the activity or not. Figures 3 gives a pictorial representation of the distribution of 1440 minutes in a day over different activities for male and female.

Statement 3: Average time (in minutes) spent in different activities in a day per person

Reference: Appendix Table 8

Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 1440 due to rounding off

Statement 4: Percentage share of total time in different activities in a day per person

Statement 4: Percentage share of total time in different activities in a day per person

Reference: Appendix Table 8
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 100 due to rounding off

Figure 3: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person in different activities

2.2.2 Participation and Time Spent by persons in different age groups

Participation rates in the activities by persons in different age groups
Participation rates in a day for persons of age groups 15-29 years, 15-59 years and 60 years and above in different activities are presented in Statement 5.

Statement 5: Participation rate (\%) among different age groups in the activities in a day

In Statement 6, average amount of time spent in a day in different activities per participant of age groups 15-29 years, 15-59 years and 60 years and above in those activities are presented.

Statement 6: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of different age groups

Participation in different activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024
This section presents some comparative figures stating participation rate in different activities obtained from the first TUS conducted during January – December, 2019 and those obtained from the current TUS conducted during January – December, 2024.
In Figure 4 to Figure 6, a graphical comparative statement has been presented for participation rate in different activities reported during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024 separately for different age groups.

Figure 4: Participation rate (\%) in different activities in a day among persons of age group 15-29 years during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

TUS 2019
TUS 2024
Employment and related activities

Unpaid Caregiving Activities for Household Members

Socializing and communication, community participation and religious practice

Self-care and maintenance

Figure 5: Participation rate (\%) in different activities in a day among persons of age group 15-59 years during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

TUS 2019
TUS 2024

Emolovment and related activities

Socializing and communication, community participation and religious practice

Self-care and maintenance

Figure 6: Participation rate(%) in different activities in a day among persons of age 6 years and above during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Average time spent in different activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Graphical presentation of average time spent in different activities are presented here. Figure 7 to Figure 9 presents average time spent per participant in a day in different activities obtained from TUS, 2024 in comparison to TUS, 2019 for different age groups of persons.

Figure 7: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in different activities for persons of age group 15-29 years during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 8: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in different activities for persons of age group 15-59 years during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 9: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in different activities for persons of age 6 years and above during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 10 to Figure 12 below shows the distribution of 24 hours ( 1440 minutes) in different activities as estimated from TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024. As mentioned earlier, this distribution is derived from average time spent per person in a day in different activities.

Figure 10: Distribution of time (minutes) in a day in different activities among persons of age group 15-29 years during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

– Employment and related activities
– Production of goods for own final use
– Unpaid domestic services for household members
– Unpaid caregiving services for household members
– Unpaid volunteer, trainee and other unpaid work
– Learning
– Socializing and communication, community participation and religious practice
– Culture, leisure, mass-media and sports practices
– Self-care and maintenance

Figure 11: Distribution of time (minutes) in a day in different activities among persons of age group 15-59 years during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

– Employment and related activities
– Production of goods for own final use
– Unpaid domestic services for household members
– Unpaid caregiving services for household members
– Unpaid volunteer, trainee and other unpaid work
– Learning
– Socializing and communication, community participation and religious practice
– Culture, leisure, mass-media and sports practices
– Self-care and maintenance

Figure 12: Distribution of time (minutes) in a day in different activities among persons of age 6 years and above during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

– Employment and related activities
– Production of goods for own final use
– Unpaid domestic services for household members
– Unpaid caregiving services for household members
– Unpaid volunteer, trainee and other unpaid work
– Learning
– Socializing and communication, community participation and religious practice
– Culture, leisure, mass-media and sports practices
– Self-care and maintenance

2.2.3 Participation and Time Spent by persons in different broad usual principal activity statuses

Persons have been classified in different broad usual principal activity status following the major time criteria considering the activities pursued by the persons during the last 365 days. The broad usual principal activity statuses are worker, unemployed, and not in labour force. Worker and unemployed constitutes the labour force.

In Statement 7, participation rate in different activities of the TUS activity classification is given for each broad usual principal activity status.

Time spent in a day by persons with different broad usual principal activity status participating in the activities

In Statement 8, average amount of time spent in a day per participant in different activities for each broad usual principal activity status has been presented.

Statement 8: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of different broad usual principal activity status
all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 18

Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

2.2.4 Type of days

Type of day on which information of time use was collected from the persons was classified as ‘normal day’ or ‘other day.

The normal days are the days on which a household member pursues mostly his/her routine activities whereas the day on which the routine activities of a household member are altered due to any reason, it is treated as ‘other day’. A day other than a normal day might arise due to social obligations or some unforeseen reasons like, illness, ceremonies, hospitalization of a household member etc. besides, weekly off-days, holidays or days of leave.
Statement 9 presents the percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by type of the day on which information on time use was collected. Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by type of the day on which information on time use was collected is given in Statement 2.1 for each State/UT.

Statement 9: Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by type of the day on which information of time use was collected
all-India

Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 100 due to not reported cases of type of the day and rounding off

Reference: Appendix Table 3

Participation rates in the activities by type of day

Participation rate in different activities among those who reported the reference day as ‘normal day’ and those who reported the reference day as ‘other day’ are given in Statement 10 for male and female and in Statement 11 for different age groups.

Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

Time spent in a day per person by type of day

Average time spent per person in a day in different activities by those who reported the reference day as ‘normal day’ and those who reported the reference day as ‘other day’ are given in Statement 12 for male and female and in Statement 13 for different age groups.

Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 1440 due to rounding off

Statement 13: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person of different age group during a Normal Day and Other days
all-India

Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 1440 due to rounding off

Figure 13 below shows the percentage distribution of 24 hours ( 1440 minutes) time in a day for male, female and all persons of age 6 years and above during a normal day and other type of days.

Figure 13: Percentage distribution of time in a day over different activities in Normal days and Other days for persons of age 6 years and above

• Employment and related activities
• Production of goods for own final use
• Unpaid domestic services for household members
• Unpaid caregiving services for household members
• Unpaid volunteer, trainee and other unpaid work
• Learning
• Socializing, communication, religious practice
• Culture, leisure, mass-media and sports practices
• Self-care and maintenance

2.3 Unpaid caregiving services for household members

Unpaid caregiving services for household members are important for the purpose of understanding the needs of care within the households.

The different categories of unpaid caregiving services for household members corresponding to which estimates are presented in this Section are:

• Childcare and instruction
• Care for dependent adults
• Help to non-dependent adult household members
• Other activities related to unpaid caregiving services for household members
• Travelling and accompanying goods or persons related to unpaid caregiving services for household members
• All care activities

Participation rates in unpaid caregiving services for household members by persons of age 6 years and above

In Statement 14, participation rate in different unpaid caregiving services for household members is presented.

Time spent in a day in unpaid caregiving services for household members by persons participating in caregiving activities

In Statement 15, average amount of time (in minutes) spent in a day in different unpaid caregiving services for household members per participant of age 6 years and above are presented.

2.4 Unpaid domestic services for household member

Unpaid domestic service activities include activities like cooking, cleaning and shopping for household members, etc., that are undertaken by the household members for use of the household members
In this Section estimates are presented in respect of participation rates and average time spent in unpaid domestic service activities for household members.

Participation rates in unpaid domestic services activities for household member by persons of age 6 years and above

In Statement 16, participation rate in different unpaid domestic service activities for household members are presented.

Statement 16: Participation rate (\%) in a day in unpaid domestic service activities

Time spent in a day in unpaid domestic services activities for household member

In Statement 17, average amount of time (in minutes) spent in a day in different unpaid domestic services activities for household member per participant of age 6 years and above is presented.

Statement 17: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in unpaid domestic services activities for household member

2.5 Learning activities

The coverage of learning activities includes pre-primary, primary, secondary, technical and vocational, post-secondary and tertiary education, etc. It also covers non-formal education and courses (literacy and other special programmes for those who have no opportunity to attend school, private studies, research, courses taken in relation to hobbies and recreational games, sports, courses on Yoga, etc), and travel time related to learning.

Participation in learning and time spent in learning
In Statement 18, participation rate among persons of age 6-14 years and 15-29 years in learning activities and average time (in minutes) spent by those who are participating in learning activities are given.

Statement 18: Participation rate (\%) in learning activities and average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in learning activities

Reference: Appendix Table 6 for estimates of participation rate and Table 7 for estimates of time spent in a day
Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

2.6 Unpaid activities and paid activities

This Section gives the participation rates and time spent in a day in paid and unpaid activities. The list of activities used in the classification of paid activities and unpaid are as follows:

Participation in unpaid and paid activities

In Statement 19, participation rate in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities in a day are presented and average time (in minutes) spent in a day by those who participated in such activities are given in Statement 20. Corresponding estimates for each State/UT are given in Statement 11.1 and Statement 13.1, respectively. It may be noted that activities under ‘self development/ self care/ self maintenance, etc.’ are ‘residual other activities’. It may be noted that residual other activities include all other activities which are not classified as either paid activities or unpaid activities such as self-care and maintenance activities, learning, culture, leisure, massmedia and sports practices, socialising and communication, community participation and religious practice, etc.

Figure 14 and Figure 15 present a pictorial comparison of participation rate in unpaid and paid activities respectively by persons of age 6 years and above during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024 in rural and urban areas.

Statement 19: Participation rate (\%) in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities in a day

Reference: Appendix Table 12
Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

Figure 14: Participation rate (\%) in unpaid activities among persons of age 6 years and above in rural and urban areas during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Statement 20: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities

Average time spent per person in a day in paid and unpaid activities

To derive the distribution of total time in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities by the population, the estimates of average time is obtained by considering all the persons irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not.

In Statement 21, distribution of total time of 1440 minutes in a day per person in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities are presented considering all the persons irrespective of whether they performed the activity or not.

Statement 21: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities

Statement 21: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities

Reference: Appendix Table 13
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot (ii) Figures may not add up to 1440 due to rounding off

Statement 22: Percentage share of unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities of the total time in a day per person

Reference: Appendix Table 13
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 100 due to rounding off

Figure 16 and Figure 17 below, present a graphical view of average time spent per person in unpaid and paid activities, respectively, by persons of age 6 years and above during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024 in rural and urban areas.

Figure 16: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person of age 6 years and above in unpaid activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 17: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person of age 6 years and above in paid activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Participation in paid and unpaid activities by persons of different age groups
In Statement 23, participation rate in unpaid and paid activities are presented and average time (in minutes) spent in a day spent by those who participated in such activities are given in Statement 24 in respect of persons of age 15-29 years, 15-59 years and 60 years and above. Corresponding estimates for the persons of age 15-29 years, 15-59 years and persons of age 6 years and above for each State/UT are given in Statement 11.1 and 13.1, respectively.

Figure 18 and Figure 19 present the participation rate in a day in unpaid activities and paid activities, respectively, among persons of different age groups during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Statement 23: Participation rate (\%) in a day among different age groups in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities
all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 12
Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

Figure 18: Participation rate (\%) in unpaid activities among persons of different age groups during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 19: Participation rate (\%) in paid activities among persons of different age groups during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Statement 24: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of different age groups in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities

Reference: Appendix Table 14

Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

Average time spent per person in a day in unpaid and paid activities for different age groups
To derive the distribution of total time in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities by the population in these age groups, the estimates of average time is obtained by considering all the persons in that age group irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not.

In Statement 25, distribution of total time of 1440 minutes in a day per person for each of these age groups in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities are presented considering all the persons in that age group irrespective of whether they performed the activity or not and the corresponding percentage share is given in Statement 26.

Statement 25: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person of different age groups in unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities
all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 13
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 1440 due to rounding

Statement 26: Percentage share of unpaid activities, paid activities and residual other activities of the total time in a day per person of different age groups
all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 13
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 100 due to rounding

Figure 20: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person of different age group in unpaid activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 21: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person of different age group in paid activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

2.7 SNA production activities and non-SNA production activities

The activities included in the coverage of System of National Accounts (SNA) production boundary are termed as SNA production activities and those which are outside the SNA production boundary but within the SNA general production boundary are termed as non-SNA production and the rest are termed as residual other activities
From the information collected in the TUS 2024, the following activities have been classified as SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities.

SNA production:

Employment in corporations, government and non-profit institutions
Production of goods for own final use
Employment in household enterprises to produce goods
Employment in household enterprises to provide services
Ancillary activities and breaks related to employment
Training and studies in relation to employment
Employment-related travel
Unpaid trainee work and related activities
Unpaid direct volunteering for other households for production of goods or for production of goods/services for market/non-market units
Unpaid community- and organization-based volunteering for production of goods or for production of goods/services for market/non-market units
Other unpaid work activities (other than those which are already covered in SNA or covered in nonSNA production)

Non-SNA production:

Unpaid domestic services for household members
Unpaid caregiving services for household members
Unpaid direct volunteering for other households for production of services for the households
Unpaid community- and organization-based volunteering for production of services for the households

Other activities

Seeking employment
Setting up a business
Commuting
Learning
Socializing and communication, community participation and religious practice
Culture, leisure, mass-media and sports practices
Self-care and maintenance

In Statement 27, participation rate participating in SNA production activities and non-SNA production activities in a day are presented and average amount of time (in minutes) in a day spent by those who participated in such activities are given in Statement 28. Corresponding estimates for each State/UT are given in Statement 15.1.

Figure 22: Participation rate (\%) in SNA production activities among persons of age 6 years and above during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Statement 28: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities

Figure 24: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of age 6 years and above in SNA production activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 25: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of age 6 years and above in non-SNA production activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

To derive the distribution of total time in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities by the population, the estimates of average time is obtained by considering all the persons irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not.

In Statement 29, distribution of total time of 1440 minutes in a day per person in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities are presented considering all the persons irrespective of whether they performed the activity or not and corresponding percentage share is given in Statement 30. Corresponding estimates for each State/UT are given in Statement 17.1.

Statement 30: Percentage share of SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities of the total time in a day per person

Statement 30: Percentage share of SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities of the total time in a day per person

Reference: Appendix Table 42
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 100 due to rounding

Participation in SNA production and non-SNA production activities by persons of different age groups

In Statement 31, participation rate in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities are given and average amount of time (in minutes) spent in a day by those who participated in such activities are given in respect of persons of age 15-29 years, 15-59 years and 60 years and above in Statement 32. Graphical presentation of the participation rate in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024 are given in Figures 26 and 27.

Statement 31: participation rate (\%) among persons of different age groups in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities in a day
all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 36
Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

Figure 26: Participation rate (\%) in SNA

Figure 27: Participation rate (\%) in non-SNA production activities among persons of different age group during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Statement 32: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of different age groups in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities in a day
all-India

Figure 28 and figure 29 present a graphical comparison of average time spent per participant in SNA activities and Non-SNA activities respectively, during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024 among persons of different age group.

Figure 28: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of different age group in SNA production activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Figure 29: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant of different age group in non-SNA production activities during TUS, 2019 and TUS, 2024

Average time spent per person in a day in SNA production and non-SNA production activities for different age groups
To derive the distribution of total time in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities by the population in these age groups, the estimates of average time is obtained by considering all the persons in that age group irrespective of whether they performed the activities or not.
In Statement 33, distribution of total time of 1440 minutes in a day per person for each of these age groups in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities are presented considering all the persons in that age group irrespective of whether they performed the activity or not and the corresponding percentage distribution is given in Statement 34.

Statement 33: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person of different age groups in SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities
all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 42
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 1440 due to rounding off

Statement 34: Percentage share of SNA production, non-SNA production and residual other activities of the total time in a day per person of different age groups
all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 42
Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Figures may not add up to 100 due to rounding

Participation in unpaid SNA production and paid activities

SNA production activities include both paid activities and unpaid activities while all the non-SNA production activities are covered under unpaid activities. To understand the extent of paid and unpaid work in SNA activities, participation rate participating in unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities are given in Statement 35 and, average amount of time (in minutes) in a day spent by those who participated in such activities are given in Statement 36. Corresponding estimates for each State/UT are given in Statement 17.1.

Statement 35: Participation rate (\%) in unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities in a day

Statement 36: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per participant in unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities in a day

Reference: Appendix Table 42

Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

Average time spent per person in a day in unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities

In Statement 37, distribution of total time of paid and unpaid activities in a day per person in unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities are given and percentage share of time in paid and unpaid activities among unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities are presented in Statement 38. Corresponding estimates for each State/UT are given in Statement 17.1.

Statement 37: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person in unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities

Statement 37: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person in unpaid SNA production, non-SNA production and paid activities

Reference:Appendix Table 42

Note: (i) The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot
(ii) Estimates of paid and unpaid activities may not add up to total of paid and unpaid activities due to rounding off

Statement 38: Percentage share of time in unpaid SNA production and paid activities of the total time in SNA production in a day per person

Reference:Appendix Table 42
Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

2.8 Travel Time

Travelling is included as an activity in all the nine major Divisions of the TUS activity classification as follows:

• Travelling and commuting for employment
• Travelling, moving, transporting or accompanying goods or persons related to own-use production of goods
• Travelling, moving, transporting or accompanying goods or persons related to unpaid domestic services for household members
• Travelling and accompanying goods or persons related to unpaid caregiving services for household members
• Travelling time related to unpaid volunteer, trainee and other unpaid work
• Travelling time related to learning
• Travelling time related to socializing and communication, community participation and religious practice
• Travelling time related to culture, leisure, mass-media and sports practices
• Travelling time related to self-care and maintenance activities

In this Section, average time spent in a day for travelling in the total time in a day per person (i.e., considering all the persons irrespective of whether they travelled or not) and percentage share of travel time in total time of a day is presented in Statement 39.
Statement 39: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person different age groups in travelling all-India

Reference: Appendix Table 8

Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

2.9 Self-care and maintenance activities

Self-care and maintenance activities refer to activities that are required by the persons in relation to their biological needs, such as sleeping, eating, drinking, personal hygiene and care, etc.

In this Section, share of time in self-care and maintenance, like sleeping, eating and drinking, personal hygiene and care, etc., in the total time in a day per person of age 6 years and above (i.e., considering all the persons of age 6 years and above irrespective of whether their participation in such activities) is presented in Statement 40.

Statement 40: Average time (in minutes) spent in a day per person different age groups in self-care and maintenance activities

Reference: Appendix Table 8

Note: The estimates have been calculated considering all the activities in a time slot

2.10 Respondent type in TUS, 2024

For any member of the selected household, information on time use was planned to be collected only from that household member. In some situations information was collected from other household members when the household member was not able to provide information or the household member could not be contacted even after best efforts. Only in extreme cases information was collected from a person who is not a member of the household but closely associated with the household to collect reliable information for the household member. If for a household member information is collected from more than one type of informants mentioned above, then the type of informant from whom bulk of the information was collected is considered as the informant.
Relationship of the informant with the household member for whom information on time use was collected
In Statement 41, distribution of the persons of age 6 years and above by the relationship of the informant with the person in respect of whom information on time use was collected is given. Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by relationship of the informant with the household member for whom information on time use was collected is given in Statement 2.1 for each State/UT.

Statement 41: Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by relationship of the informant with the person in respect of whom information on time use was collected
all-India

Note: Figures may not add up to 100 due to not reported cases and rounding off
Reference: Appendix Table 3

Day of the week on which information on time use was collected
The distribution of the days of the week on which information on time use was collected from the members of the selected households is given in Statement 42 to have an idea about uniformity of the spread of the different days of the week in collection of information on time use. It may be mentioned that in TUS, 14 households were selected from each FSU and two households were planned to be canvassed each day over the 7 days of a week.

Statement 42: Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by day of the week on which information on time use was collected
all-India

Figures may not add up to 100 due to not reported cases of day of the week and rounding off
Reference: Appendix Table 3

State/UT level Estimates

Statement Title
No.
1.1 Percentage of population of age 6 years and above for each State/ UT
2.1 Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by relationship of the informant with the household member
3.1 Percentage of persons participating in a day in activities of major divisions of TUS activity classification as major activity (considering only the major activity of the time slots)
4.1 Minutes spent in a day on an average per participant in the activities of major divisions of TUS activity classification as a major activity (considering only the major activity of the time slots)
5.1 Percentage of persons participating in a day in activities of major divisions of TUS activity classification irrespective of whether it is a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)
6.1 Minutes spent in a day on an average per participant in the activities of major divisions of TUS activity classification irrespective of whether it is a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)
7.1 Minutes spent in a day on an average per person in the activities of major divisions of TUS activity classification irrespective of whether it is a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)
8.1 Percentage of persons participating in a day in self development activities, unpaid activities and paid activities as a major activity (considering only the major activity of the time slots)
9.1 Minutes spent in a day on an average per participant in self development activity, unpaid activities and paid activities as a major activity (considering only the major activity of the time slots)
10.1 Minutes spent in a day on an average per person in self development activity, unpaid activities and paid activities as a major activity (considering only the major activity of the time slots)
11.1 Percentage of persons participating in a day in self development activity, unpaid activities and paid activities irrespective of whether it is a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)
12.1 Minutes spent in a day on an average per person in self development activity, unpaid activities and paid activities irrespective of whether it is a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)
13.1 Minutes spent in a day on an average per participant in self development, unpaid activities and paid activities irrespective of whether it is a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)
14.1 Percentage of persons and minutes spent in a day on an average per participant in SNA production/NonSNA production/residual other activities where the activity was a major activity (considering only the major activity of the time slots)
15.1 Percentage of persons and minutes spent in a day on an average per participant in SNA production/NonSNA production/residual other activities irrespective of whether it is a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)
16.1 Percentage of persons and minutes spent in a day on an average per person/per participant of different age groups where the activity was a major activity (considering only the major activity of the time slots)
17.1 Percentage of persons and minutes spent in a day on an average per person/per participant of different age groups irrespective of whether the activity was a major activity or not (considering all the activities in a time slot)

Statement 2.1: Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by relationship of the informant with the household member rural male

• NR: Information on time use could not be collected.

Statement 2.1: Percentage distribution of persons of age 6 years and above by relationship of the informant with the household member
rural female